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The word "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is software that functions as mediator between client and server over the internet. Without the aid of proxy servers, users could submit a request for the server directly, and then the server would deliver direct access to that resource. Although this approach is simple to understand and apply using proxies, it can provide benefits in terms of better performance and privacy, security and many more. In addition, a pass-through a proxy serves as a security guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.




The mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is often known as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are usually described as software, as well as being used in conjunction with web servers. This article will give details of two main types: that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own situation, and is frequently misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with the basics of what subtypes and proxies are and what they can accomplish in commonly used configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able to determine the situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous and select the most appropriate option between forward proxy and reverse proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy sometimes known as open proxy. An open proxy is an agent used by a user who is looking to transmit an internet request to a source server. In this case the entire attempt to send requests made by the client is sent by the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will examine the request. It first decides if the client is authorized to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then either deny requests or redirect it to the original server. The client doesn't have a an internet connection directly. It has access to only the information that the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy is the need to increase security or privacy online. The forward proxy is connected to the internet, not the client, and in this way, it is using an IP address that is distinct from the IP address of the client.




Based on how it was configured, the forward proxy can provide various functions based upon the way it's configured and allows you to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your area.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide security centrally and access that is based on permissions such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy the administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet, which is blocked by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different settings and users the firewall could be installed at the layer that forwards proxy data.




It is important to be aware of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to use and reverse proxies could be overlooked in the eyes of the user. Depending on the type IP address of the user, it is sent to the server which originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or hidden.




There are many options to consider in the case of forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with the full webserver system. There is a video tutorial on how you can install Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more to handle situations like peer-to-peer communication. You can also understand how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a server on the internet that handles requests from users for. The web server may consist of a single server or even multiple servers. It could also serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In any case the request will be sent via the internet, generally. Most of the time, requests will then be transmitted direct to a server that hosts the information that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating this webserver from direct connections with the open internet.




From the point of view of a user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy is no different than interacting with the webserver in direct contact. It's essentially the same but the client can't recognize the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, without additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Direction of the traffic entering is based on rules you can establish.


The caching feature was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to the server layer, and not to the layer of clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls that are on the web server layer, which could contain several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is centered on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of dealing with firewalls and dealing with requests from clients without web servers allows them to concentrate on the requirements of their clients.




When there's multiple servers operating as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing the requests directed to which servers. There may be several web servers offering the same service, but having different resources or a mixture of both. They can use an HTTP protocol to operate as a normal web server, but they also can be outfitted with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to redirect users to specific servers according to the requested resource, or to adhere to certain rules regarding the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position above web servers by offering the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request. Some applications allow you to deliver static files without needing to connect to the web server in any way. Additionally reverse proxy has the capability to handle compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy option. While Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy service however, Apache is a reverse proxy service. Apache web server comes with reverse proxy feature as an added option for Apache and Nginx was initially designed for and focused exclusively on its reverse proxy function.



The difference between the use of forward and reverse proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both types of proxies handle the process of responding to requests. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a method to offer web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is placed before clients for personal use or even in a working environment. They represent the client's activity whenever you connect to the internet.




A case-based approach to distinction rather than focusing on the most common naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we clarified the meaning of a proxy using two types of proxy that are forward and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use as well as a discussion of most beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers, you can read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an Internet server and reverse proxy for Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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