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An proxy often referred to as proxy server software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, a user will send a request for the item to an online server and the server will deliver the item directly to the client. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of increased performance and privacy, security and many more. Apart from adding a layer of security, proxies act as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the set of server hardware along with installed proxy software is also frequently called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the proxies that are typically categorized as software and within the case of web servers. We will present a summary of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage and can be confusing due to a similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies are and the subtypes of them, as well as how they work in the typical setups. By reading the article you'll discover how to recognize the circumstances that are the best to use a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes referred to as an open proxy acts as a representative of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this case, every attempt to send requests from the client will instead be directed direct via the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the in the place of the customer, will look into the request. It will first decide if the client has the right to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to deny a request and forward it to the original server. The client is unable to directly access the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits the client access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet the place of a client and in this manner it could use an IP address that is different from the original IP address utilized by the client.




Depending on how it's been previously configured forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of choices and permit you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer centralized security and permission based access, such as at work. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer which could include a variety of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put within the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings need to be manually set up to function and reverse proxy settings are ignored by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of the client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or denied.




There are several options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver that has forward proxy features.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server service. Follow our step-by-step instructions to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer connections. You can also examine how you can install the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a representation of web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients. The web server may include one server or several servers. It could also serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, an application request is made by a user on the internet in general. In the majority of cases the request is directly sent to the web server along with the data the user wants. A reverse proxy works as an intermediary, protecting Web servers from direct interactions with the public internet.




From a consumer's point of view that is from a user's perspective, working via a reverse proxy identical to working with direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same however the client cannot be able to discern the difference. The client requests a resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.


The caching function has been added to the app.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer, only the layer that clients use. Instead of maintaining firewalls for the web server layer which can contain a variety of servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility to interact with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on serving the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go at the server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, offering different kinds of content or a mixture of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server, however they could also include different protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers based on the resource requested or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their location before web servers by delivering caching capabilities. The large static files can be configured with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions that permit the server to serve static assets directly without connecting to the web server once. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can control compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy option however, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy function that is an added characteristic of Apache however Nginx was originally designed for and focuses on its reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing a web-based services over the internet. They serve as your web servers whenever you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of customers for personal use or within a corporate environment. They are your client's representative when you connect to the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of a proxy with the two kinds: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the most beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy servers, you can refer to our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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